An Overview of Chinas Traffic Troubles

China hasn’t always had a problem with traffic, but over the past couple of decades, as China rapidly urbanizes, the country’s urban denizens have had to adapt their lives to a new phenomenon: gridlock. How Bad Is China’s Traffic Problem? It’s really bad. You may have heard about the China National Highway 10 traffic jam on the news back in 2010; it was 100 kilometers long and lasted ten days, involving thousands of cars. But outside of the mega-jams, most cities are plagued with daily traffic that rivals the worst gridlock in Western cities. And thats despite a plethora of affordable public transportation options and anti-traffic legislation in many cities that mandates (for example) that cars with even and odd-numbered license plates must drive on alternating days, so only half of the city’s cars can legally take to the road at any given time. Of course, China’s urban traffic jams are also a major factor in its pollution problems. Why Is Traffic in China so Bad? There are a number of reasons for China’s traffic congestion woes: Like most older cities around the world, many of Chinas cities were not designed for cars. They were also not designed to support the massive populations they now boast (Beijing, for example, has more than 20 million people). As a result, in many cities, the roads are simply not big enough.Cars are considered a status symbol. In China, buying a car often isn’t as much about convenience as it is about showing that you can buy a car because you’re enjoying a successful career. Lots of white-collar workers in Chinese cities who might otherwise be satisfied with public transportation buy cars in the name of keeping up with (and impressing) the Joneses, and once they’ve got the cars, they feel obliged to use them.China’s roads are full of new drivers. Even a decade ago, cars were far less common than they are now, and if you go back in time twenty years. China didn’t break the two million vehicle mark until around the year 2000, but a decade later it had more than five million. That means that at any time, a significant percentage of the people driving on China’s roads only have a few years of experience. Sometimes, that leads to questionable driving decisions, and that can cause gridlock when those decisions lead to blocked roads for one reason or another.China’s driver education is not great. Driver education schools often only teach driving on closed courses, so new graduates are literally taking to the roads for the first time when they get behind the wheel. And because of corruption in the system, some new drivers haven’t taken any classes at all. As a result, China has a lot of accidents: its traffic fatality rate per 100,000 cars is 36, which is more than double the United States, and several times more than European countries like the UK, France, Germany, and Spain (which all have rates under 10).There are just too many people. Even with great driver education, wider roads, and fewer people buying cars, traffic jams would still be likely in a city like Beijing, which is host to more than twenty million people. What Does the Chinese Government Do About Traffic? The government has worked hard to create public transportation infrastructure that takes pressure off cities roads. Nearly every major city in China is building or expanding a subway system, and the prices of these systems are often subsidized to make them extremely enticing. Beijing’s subway, for example, costs as little as 3 RMB ($0.45 as of March 2019). Chinese cities also generally have extensive bus networks, and there are buses going virtually everywhere you could imagine. The government has also worked to improve long-distance travel, building new airports and rolling out a massive network of high-speed trains designed to get people where they’re going faster and keep them off the highways. Finally, city governments have also taken restrictive measures to limit the number of cars on the road, like Beijing’s even-odd rule, which stipulates that only cars with even- or odd-numbered license plates can be on the road on any given day (it alternates). What Do Regular People Do About Traffic? They avoid it as best they can. People who want to get where they’re going quickly and reliably generally take public transportation if they’re traveling in a city around rush hour. Biking is also a common way of avoiding the gridlock if you’re headed somewhere nearby. People also tend to be accommodating when it comes to the realities of rush-hour traffic in China; taxis, for example, often pick up more than one passenger at a time during busy hours to ensure they’re not spending hours sitting in traffic with a single fare. And Chinese subways get jam-packed with passengers during rush hour. It’s uncomfortable, but people have put it with it. Spending 30 minutes getting home in an uncomfortable subway car beats spending 3 hours in a slightly-more-comfortable regular car, at least for most people.

The Evil Empire - 1318 Words

Courtney Professor English 1302 20 September 2013 An Analysis of Ronald Reagan’s â€Å"The Evil Empire.† Ronald Reagan gave a speech in Orlando, Florida on March 8, 1983 called, â€Å"The Evil Empire.† This speech was intended for the ears of all Americans and is one of the best known presidential speeches ever given. In his speech, Reagan uses multiple rhetorical strategies such as; metaphors, allusions, rhetorical questions, tone, pathos, and uses references from the bible. He talks about all the main points of abortion, teenage sex, drugs, the Soviet Union, and the practice of praying and God in our public schools. His speech was very well written, moving, and extremely influential. This speech shows the president’s belief that the†¦show more content†¦The first use of metaphors in this speech is, â€Å"Yes, let justice roll on like a river, righteousness like a never-failing stream† (Reagan 5). The use of this metaphor is referring to everlasting justice and righteousness in what Reaga n believes as the spiritual awakening that is about to initiate in the United States of America. Reagan also uses a simile in â€Å"The Evil Empire† speech. The simile he uses is, â€Å"We know that living in this world means dealing with what philosophers would call the phenomenology of evil or, as theologians would put it, the doctrine of sin† (Reagan 5). The use of this simile in this speech is stated to show that no matter what we do or what happens we will never be able to fully rid the world of evil. It is inevitable. Human kind will always have to face evil. It is just up to us to battle evil the best way that we can. The final two rhetorical strategies I found in â€Å"The Evil Empire† speech given by Ronald Reagan was the usage of pathos and logos. An example of pathos in this speech is when Reagan refers to the abortion matter that was taking place in this time period. He states that, â€Å"Unless and until it can be proven that the unborn child is no t a living entity, then its right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness must be protected† (Reagan 4). The use of this sentence is to appeal to the audience’s emotions and get the audience to start thinking about what abortion really is. Reagan wants the American people to realize whatShow MoreRelatedIs The Evil Empire `` Speech Propaganda?952 Words   |  4 PagesCameron Schwartz 5/6/15 Literature Final Paper Is the â€Å"Evil Empire† Speech Propaganda There are many different definitions of propaganda that people use. Propaganda is politicians deceiving the public into what the politicians want them to know or believe (Altschull). This definition is used to show how politicians can use propaganda. There are many ways to use propaganda. They are used to convince people to buy a certain product, to convince people to not buy a certain product, to convince a certainRead MoreEssay on Was the British Empire a force for good or for evil?1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe British Empire is the largest empire ever seen on the face of this planet. The empire was divided into two. The first part of the empire revolved around the British colonies in America that were popularly known as the thirteen colonies. These gained independence from Britain in 1783. The second part of the empire, which developed from the first empire, came later. It started during the Napoleonic wars and survived throughout the nineteenth century and the first half of th e twentieth century.Read MoreDescriptive And Values Of The People1525 Words   |  7 Pagesadhered to this religion were the Persians of the Persian Empire that dated from 550 - 330 B.C. and was located from Anatolia and Egypt across western Asia to northern India and Central Asia. 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It was the third film released in the Star Wars saga, following Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope and Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back (IMDb.com). At the time, Episode VI concluded the story of Luke Skywalker and his Rebel friends fighting against Darth Vader and the evil Empire. The entire plot of Return of the Jedi is the conclusionRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 1232 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor strides toward mitigating his guilt regarding the incident that occurred many years earlier when he was a young man. In addition, Orwell is able to use his traumatic experience to address the evils of a much greater villain, imperialism. Orwell uses his confession of culpability to demonstrate the evils of imperialism by using the lesson he learned in slaying the elephant and attempting to educate the world the same lesson in an attempt to benefit mankind. 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Act like a girl Free Essays

I wanted to Interview a male who has experienced similar experiences with not being accepted because he was not the stereotypical â€Å"man. † In our Interview the other day, I asked you If you agreed or disagreed with this statement: â€Å"Every child, boy or girl, should have the right to his or her own self image, and should not have to live by some gender roles† (Freeman 36). You answered yes in agreement! I asked you why you said yes so quickly. We will write a custom essay sample on Act like a girl or any similar topic only for you Order Now Your answer was because growing up you faced situations when you wished you could simply be yourself thou the Judgment of others. You shared your thoughts of what the stereotype of a man Is to you. Some common Images of a man Is to be athletic, masculine, muscular, insensitive, and tough. I’m sure you could have gone on with this list of characteristics expected of a â€Å"manly man. † Women are expected to be a particular way, also. Some of us Just don’t fall under those expected traits. Still, most people tend to hold common stereotypes of certain people in mind. We both went to the same high school and cheered on our Varsity cheer squad for 2 years together. I was glad that you decided to share this part of your life with me, I know It was hard to talk about. In high school you didn’t dress Like all the other boys, and you didn’t talk like all the other boys. You were a male cheerleader. You were the only male cheerleader. You expressed the hardship and ridicule our peers put you through. I felt a deep sorrow when you told me that our peers would tease you. Teasing is for elementary school, not high school. I could see the pain in your eyes when you would state the comments the students would make towards you. It Is definitely a common assumption for people to make that because a male Is a cheerleader, then he must be gay. You do not consider yourself to fit the gender role of a typical male, because you are very much the opposite. I felt it was necessary to ask you about your childhood. I wanted to know how you grew up and if there was any influences in your life pertaining to the topic of gender stereotypes. Growing up you said that you didn’t play with car toys, or ride motorcycle bikes, and wasn’t into sports. In Freeman’s essay he TLD play with parable dolls, or play tea party with the other little girls, and she loved playing basketball. When I asked you if you had played sports, you said no but you would play catch in the park with your dad. I am sorry to have heard that your father passed away when you were very young. I was surprised to hear that you do not think that your father passing away influenced you to be more in touch with your feelings. You have always been more in touch with your feelings even before that incident. Most people think that a boys father passing away will greatly Influence the During our interview, your brother, Corey came in to greet me. That was polite of him! I asked you how your relationship was with your brother, since you two are very opposite of each other. Your brother seems to fit the mold of our society’s â€Å"man. † I was devastated to hear that your relationship with your brother has been strained for years. It started when you became a cheerleader, because he doesn’t accept the fact that that is who you are and that is what makes you happy. Freeman and her mother’s relationship was also uneasy because of her mother’s lack of support. On the contrary, your relationship with your mother is beautiful, and stable. You expressed your thankfulness and appreciation for her in our interview. She has not turned her back on you, or Judged you. Your mother accepts you for who you are. You are her son and she loves you no matter what happens. I enjoyed our interview. Thank you for taking the time to sit down with me and discuss the questions I had for you. I am happy that you are absolutely content with yourself. We have been friends for a couple of years now, and I wouldn’t change you for anything. How to cite Act like a girl, Papers

Investment Management

Question: Describe about the Alternative Investment Classes and their Role in Investment Portfolios with examples, a selection of seven (7) alternative investments which are generally available on capital and other markets, the expected / realized returns and risks of each, and to consider how they are used in constructing and hedging investment portfolios. Answer: Introduction In the present scenario investment management plays an important role in the entire economy, investment management is the professional management of different securities such as bonds, shares and other securities or other assets. The main aim of the investment management is to protect the interest of the investors (Bhala et al 2016). Alternative investment provides a wider investment opportunity for the investors, which includes private equity, venture capital, real assets, mutual fund, hedge fund, private placement debt, direct investments, etc. Every investor invests in different ventures to gain profits, but there also involves risk in such investments function by maintaining low correlation with the bonds and stocks, which makes them difficult to be valued and in compared to the traditional investments alternative investments are more liquid (TheStreet 2015). The main aim of this assignment is to highlight the different alternative investments which are available on capital and other markets. This assignment will also highlight the expected returns and risk associated with such investments and also studies how they are used in constructing and hedging investment portfolios. Discussion Seven alternative investments (a) Private equity: In the present scenario, there are more numbers of private organisations than the public organisations and most of these private firm functions with the capital of the investors. Private equity is a wider concept that encircles the whole investment cycle of the private money markets, and various private equity business specialised in different investment strategies. Private equity organisations collect funds and take financial support from both institutional and non-institutional investors. Then the fund is used to invest in new up-coming private firms (Harris et al 2014). Private equity is also known as the equity securities that are not traded publicly. Private equity funds, which are expert in private equity investment has made this class of assets assessable for the different market participants and the institutional investors. This asset class has witnessed a rapid growth due to the early successes of some big private equity funds. Private equity includes investments in venture capital, start-ups and provides financial support to a firm during its growth phase. One example of private equity firm is Blackstone group, which is the world's largest private equity organisation (Harris et al 2014). In the case of private equity, the expected return is high, so that higher risk associated with private equity can be compensated. The higher value of Beta which is inherent in most of the private equity investments gives rise to extra return and extra risk (Caselli et al 2013). Private equity investments are used to minimise the risk in the investment portfolios. (b)Venture capital: The investment of capital in the promising companies and start-ups is known as venture capital investments. The investor or the venture capitalist in return for the investment made in the firm gets the ownership interest. There are many examples of firms that have many investments which are made by different venture capitalists. Facebook, Google, Intel, Apple, Compaq are few such firms (Lerner et al 2012). The venture capitalist by investing in the company is allowed to be closely related to the functioning of the firm. The capitalist can also provide assistance and ideas with planning and can also receive calls during the meeting. The venture capitalist not only invests money but also invest their time and skills in the company (TheStreet 2015). But at the end of the day, the core objective of the venture capital investment is to earn a profit by investing capital in the upcoming companies that have potential to grow and earns a profit for them (TheStreet 2015). The risk and expected return associated with investment in such companies are high because these investments are capitals that are invested in the firms that have a high component of risk related to them. These risks are related to cash flows, benefits, etc. usually, the venture capitalist invest in equity or shares which generate higher return because the risk associated with such investment is higher (Korteweg et al 2013). Venture capital investments are used to minimise risk in investment portfolios. (c)Real assets investments: The tangible or physical assets that have elemental value, they include oil, real estate, agricultural land and precious metal. Goods such as luxury and collectable goods also come under this category. Jewellery, art, rare coins wine and baseball cards are also included under this category. An investor can directly buy real assets or they can invest in a fund that is specialised in real assets (Campello et al 2013). Investors can potentially broaden their portfolio diversification; can also increase the possibility to attain a constant return that goes together with the inflation and also increase the possible long-term returns with the help of global trend. In the recent years the demand for real assets have increased considerably but for all investors, it is not considered suitable. The risk involved in real assets investments is unique, for example, the company that are related to infrastructure are more volatile to government regulations, adverse economic, declining the value of real estate, financial instability, etc. There is no doubt that there involves a certain amount of risk in every investment. The real assets do not grow with constant rate and they may also witness negative growth (Campello et al 2013). Real assets help the investor to widen his portfolio diversification and also help them increase the possibility to attain a constant return that goes together with the inflation and also increase the possible long-term returns with the help of global trend. (d)Hedge fund investments: Hedge funds collect capital from investors and invest them in securities and different types of investments with the aim to earn positive returns. Hedge funds are not supervised strictly as in the case of mutual funds and are more lenient than the mutual fund investments to undertake investment. Hedge fund investments are not suitable for all the investors because investment in hedge fund involves high fees and a greater risk of loss. The managers of the hedge fund raise capital and invest them in different financial instruments and different styles (Investor.gov 2016). The risk associated with hedge fund investments is higher because the hedge fund investments are not regulated strictly, so it exposes the investor to a greater risk of loss of investment. And all the investors invest in hedge funds with a motive to earn greater returns. Hedge funds are suitable for wealthier investors because the risk and the fee of hedge fund investment are higher (Bali et al 2014). (e)Mutual fund investments: Whenever an investor decides to invest, he comes across different investment options, which may include bonds, stocks, shares and money market securities and every investment options has its set of advantages and disadvantages. In the case of mutual fund investments, it gives the investor the opportunity to pool their capital and invest them in complex securities, which are managed by a fund manager. A mutual fund also offers creative products such as exchange-traded funds, funds of funds, Fixed Maturity Plans, etc. Investors get many benefits from a mutual fund; the benefits may be financial profit or convenience (The Times of India 2016). An investor can achieve greater inflation-adjusted returns with the help of mutual fund investments and they do not need to invest a lot of time and energy in it. The investors who are more inclined towards saving time and convenience should go for mutual fund investments. Mutual fund investments also offer its investor with low investment cost in comparison with direct investment in money markets. It also provides an excellent opportunity for investment to the investors with low investment capital. The returns generated from mutual funds are higher because it provides the investor with a wide range of companies and sectors to invest. (f)Private placement debt: Investment of capital in debt is also a great market. Just like the equity private placement debt investments are not mad available to public for trading purpose and they are also not rated by the rating agency. The private firms are financed with the help of mezzanine debt and promissory note, which provides the investors with a constant flow of cash (The Times of India, 2016). Only a few investors have the access to private placement bonds because these bonds are not registered and are offered privately. De Nederlandse is the largest investor in private bonds in Netherlands. In private bonds, the access to the primary market is restricted because of the nature of the private placement market. The cost offered by the private placement debt is lower liquid than the other investments. The private bonds are best for the medium to long term investment because private bonds are not traded publicly and have lower liquidity. They are also considered as buy-and hold investments. No doubt that private bond is less liquid but they compensate these by generating higher returns and also help the investor in widening their diversification. (g)Direct investment: Direct investments are the type of investments, where the investors directly invest in private companies and start-ups. These investments are also known as angel investing, the main aim of the investor is to earn a profit. They invest in the firms that have a high potential for growth and the returns generated from such investments are high. But there also involves greater risk. Private companies will find investors with the help of private placement which is based on some assured valuation. The investors of the retail can also contribute to this by exempting the registration for the private companies because they highly depend on the registration. The company keeps looking for investment throughout their entire life cycle. So the private companies look for the companies that are already well established (TheStreet 2015). The risk associated with such investment is higher because many start-ups end up shutting down their business. And direct investment also generates higher returns as the risk involved in such investment is higher. Direct investment helps the investor to diversify his investment portfolio and minimise the risk of investment. Conclusion So the above discussion clearly highlights seven alternative investments which are available on capital and other markets, and also highlights the expected/realised returns and risks of each, and also discuss how they are used in constructing and hedging investment portfolios. References Alquist, R., Mukherjee, R. and Tesar, L., 2014. Liquidity-driven foreign direct investment. Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies WP, (17). Bali, T.G., Brown, S.J. and Caglayan, M.O., 2014. Macroeconomic risk and hedge fund returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 114(1), pp.1-19. Baumol, W., Goldfeld, S.M., Gordon, L.A. and Koehn, F.M., 2012. The economics of mutual fund markets: Competition versus regulation (Vol. 7). Springer Science Business Media. Bhala, K.T., Yeh, W. and Bhala, R., 2016. International Investment Management: Theory, Ethics and Practice. Routledge. Busse, J.A., Chordia, T., Jiang, L. and Tang, Y., 2016. Mutual Fund Transaction Costs. Campello, M. and Giambona, E., 2013. Real assets and capital structure. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 48(05), pp.1333-1370. Caselli, S., Garcia-Appendini, E. and Ippolito, F., 2013. Contracts and returns in private equity investments. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 22(2), pp.201-217. Harris, R.S., Jenkinson, T. and Kaplan, S.N., 2014. Private equity performance: What do we know?. The Journal of Finance, 69(5), pp.1851-1882. Investor.gov. (2016). Hedge Funds | Investor.gov. Korteweg, A. and Nagel, S., 2013. Risk-adjusting the returns to venture capital (No. w19347). National Bureau of Economic Research. Lerner, J., Hardymon, F. and Leamon, A., 2012. Venture capital private equity: A casebook. Mathur, A. and Singh, K., 2013. Foreign direct investment, corruption and democracy. Applied Economics, 45(8), pp.991-1002. The Times of India. (2016). Why Should You Invest in Mutual Funds?. TheStreet. (2015). 7 Common Alternative Investments That All Investors Should Know.

Geore Essays - Cornish People, Richard Trevithick, Vehicle

Geore 1783 The Montgolfier brothers invent the first hot air balloons 1787 Steamboat invented 1769 First self-propelled road vehicle invented by Nicolas Joseph Cugnot 1790 Modern bicycles invented 1801 Richard Trevithick invented the first steam powered locomotive (designed for roads) 1807 Isaac de Rivas makes a hydrogen gas powered vehicle - first with internal combustion power - however, very unsuccessful design 1807 First steamboat with regular passenger service - inventor Robert Fulton's Clermont 1814 George Stephenson invents the first practical steam powered railroad locomotive 1862 Jean Lenoir makes a gasoline engine automobile 1867 First motorcycle invented 1868 George Westinghouse invents the compressed air locomotive brake - enabled trains to be stopped with fail-safe accuracy 1871 First cable car invented 1885 Karl Benz builds the world's first practical automobile to be powered by an internal combustion engine 1899 Ferdinand von Zeppelin invents the first successful dirigible - the Zeppelin 1903 The Wright Brothers invent and fly the first engined airplane 1907 Very first helicopter - unsuccessful design 1908 Henry Ford improves the assembly line for automobile manufacturing 1908 Hydrofoil boats co-invented by Alexander Graham Bell & Casey Baldwin - boats that skimmed water 1926 First liquid propelled rocket launched 1940 Modern helicopters invented 1947 First supersonic jet flight 1956 Hovercraft invented

Threads essays

Threads essays In Threads, a movie depicting a nuclear war, it was shown how some simple events could lead to almost total annihilation. The movie is started with a tranquil setting of two kids sitting in the countryside in a vehicle. Very subtly, they are announcing the events of an advance from Russia into the country of Iran. Russia is sending troops into Iran because they do not have a Communist Government ruling. Russia wants to correct this flaw and make it a Communist country. The United States of America hears news of the advances and threatens the Russian Government to pull out the troops and leave Iran alone. Russia, being stubborn, doesnt comply to the threats and withholds retreat. This reaction to the threat causes the US to threaten them with a war. The British government started to inform the leaders of the cites to go to the bunkers and start to plan for a war, plus come up with a plan to control the city after, if a war does occur. The US wanted to watch the actio ns taking place, so they sent some submarines over to the Persian Gulf to survey the motives of the Russian troops. One of the submarines that was in the area suddenly, without a trace, disappeared. The US suspected that Russia had somehow destroyed the submarine without any detection. This stunt was the leading element to the panic and wide spread fear throughout the world. People with fear of a war started to buy food and fuel. The tension heated up again when Russia decided to move nuclear weapons into their base in Iran. This is the stepping stone to the first nuclear explosions. The US sent over a fleet of B-52 fighter planes to bomb the base that they were in. Unfortunately, the US forgot that they had nuclear tipped missiles. Russia shot the B-52s out of the air with, just a few, of their ample supply of missiles. These actions started widespread panic, and people just started to go crazy and buy everythin...

Quality Assurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Quality Assurance - Essay Example Quality assurance is a vital aspect in any organisation that needs to offer unparalleled products or services. Quality assurance is the implementation of all systematic activities that are geared towards provision of quality products and services. All organisations that adhere to quality control are in a position to make a positive impact in the provision of products and services.This is an activity that is directed towards fulfilling the needs of the demand for the services and products. Quality control is mostly inclined towards satisfaction of those in need the services and products. In quality control, an organisation’s interests are not paramount. However, the interests of the consumer reign supreme. Quality Concepts An organisation that needs to apply quality control has to go through various procedures to attain the best. It is not an easy task to implement quality assurance and it will take time and other resources including finance and labour. First, the organisation has to carry out a concrete system analysis. Organisations have to come up with a system that will be operational in the organisation in order to meet the requirements. In this initial step, the organisation has to consult with concerned parties to come up with a functional system. This will involve consultation, meeting with other parties consulting research in making a strong system. This will be followed by development of the system to ensure it will function in the organisation. Analysing and developing a system that is not functional in the organisation will be a waste of time and resources. ... As such, there will be limited instances of conflict of interest. Secondly, there has to be procedures that will be followed in implementation of the system. Following procedures will ensure the system will be implemented in a standardised form. Some procedures will be vital and should be done before taking any other step in the system. Thirdly there will be a need for reference materials. The system should be backed up with materials that will be used in future in ensuring the system is followed appropriately. The last part of applying quality assurance is informing the concerned parties of the system in place. Passing information explicitly will be a benefit to the organisation as all the employees or people in the organisation will be prepared to execute the system. This will be followed by instructing the organisation on the possible measures that will be in place when implementing the system. Lastly, there will be a need to train the staff in ensuring the system is fully execute d. Since the workforce is directly involved, they will have to get ample training and preparation for the system that should be put in place. When considering the application of quality assurance in an organisation, there are several parameters that are considered. First, there is constant training of the concerned parties and employees. The employees are directly involved in ensuring quality standards are maintained. Therefore, constant training of the employees will ensure the quality of products or services are kept in high standards. In many instances, organisations that practice employee training are at the helm of making positive accrual in their line of service or products. Secondly, there is need for constant

Organizational Culture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational Culture - Assignment Example To treat its workforce appropriately, the company offers part time and full-time employees to access full benefits in health care, discounted stock purchase strategies/stock option, and other personal benefits. Starbucks offer friendly services, flexibility in working hours by the employees, and a welcoming atmosphere. The organization works with farmers who grow coffee beans to affect their lives positively, since coffee growing regions seem to be extremely poor yet the cost of coffee has slowed down due to oversupply. Baristas at Starbucks are proud of both the training they access and the company they work for. Upper management is evidently diverse as compared to most big companies in the United States. The company’s reputation has been built by all this principles for a more liberal and progressive large corporation. The company believes in employing exceptional people who are enthusiastic to work and produce excellent outcomes. In exchange, they are committed to the development of their good people through identifying, developing, training, promoting, and rewarding those employees who are committed to moving the company forward. Its employees are also included in the decision making process of the company to allow honesty and transparency (Randle and Flamholtz, 2001). As a result, Starbuck’s reputation and organizational culture, its performance has greatly improved. It is an extensively profitable organization, its earnings in 2004 was an excess of $600 million and generated revenue above $5000 million in the respective year. It has been ranked as a global coffee brand based on a reputation for fine services and products with almost 9000 cafes within forty nations. Starbucks was among the fortune top 100 organizations to be employed by in 2005 since it is a respected employer that highly values its workforce. This satisfies it to be a

Otherness in Moby Dick Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Otherness in Moby Dick - Essay Example The capacity to reveal human nature within fiction is especially true when demonstrating various ways of life, or aspects of social culture. Quality fiction, regardless of when it was written or the length of the written text, can reveal significant aspects of human nature and thus reveal us to ourselves as we identify various elements of the story with our everyday lives. Literature such as Melville's novel Moby Dick or The Whale remind us that even when we feel we belong within a society, there are often elements of otherness that keep us separate. One of the first examples of Otherness found within the book is Ishmael's enforced relationship with Queequeg. Otherness is established when Ishmael checks into a very crowded whalers' inn, the Spouter Inn, at which the only accommodation to be had is a shared bed with a harpooneer. Although he agrees to the necessity easily enough, Ishmael begins to have strong misgivings about the idea as the night draws forward and he has yet to meet the man, "the more I pondered over this harpooneer, the more I abominated the thought of sleeping with him" (18). His feelings are not eased by hearing the strange stories that are told of this man selling heads that he picked up in New Zealand. Given the opportunity to look around the room before Queequag's arrival, Ishmael is also surprised by the strange things the harpooneer has in his possession such as "a parcel of outlandish bone fish hooks on the shelf over the fire-place" (22) and a strange object draped over a chest. Queequag's appearance does nothing to help him blend in either, described as "a dark, purplish, yellow color, here and there stuck over with large blackish looking squares" (23), which gives Ishmael cause for brief alarm. This alarm is only heightened by Queequag's strange bedtime ritual with the idol. Like many individuals, Ishmael's first reaction to Otherness is not an attempt to understand as much as it is an instinct to fear and flee. In spite of his misg ivings regarding the Otherness of his mysterious roommate, though, Ishmael is willing to work through them to discover more. This becomes clear as he tries on Queequag's poncho, which Ishmael describes as a doormat with a hole or slit in the middle, "I put it on, to try it, and it weighed me down like a hamper, being uncomfortably shaggy and thick" (22). This willingness to try on the unknown persona of another is what enables Ishmael to overcome his original aversion to the man himself once he finally appears. Because of this earlier willingness to think through the strangeness, Ishmael is quickly able to overcome his initial reaction to Queequag's appearance, "what is it, thought I, after all! It's only his outside; a man can be honest in any sort of skin" (23). Although he has numerous misgivings at first, Ishmael is able to recognize that Queequag's manner is gentle and kind. "For all his tatooings he was on the whole a clean, comely-looking cannibal" (26). Not only that, but Is hmael realizes Queequag is as much human as Ishmael himself and thus susceptible to all the same fears and misgivings Ishmael himself has been experiencing. Although he has come to accept Queequag's humanity by the next morning, when he wakes to find the savage's arm draped around him as

Radiation Protection Personal Protective Equipment

Radiation Protection Personal Protective Equipment Introduction: The assignment, consist of three parts including this introduction, which mentions how the assignment will take shape. Ideas and concepts taken from elsewhere for the preparation of this document will be cited appropriately within the work. The document which will be given to staff will address the issues pertaining to the appropriate use of personal protective equipment(PPE), legislations associated with their use, the principles of physics behind their use. The document will briefly delve in to issues pertaining to radiation hazards and protection, legislations relevant to radiation work in United Kingdom and use of personal protective equipment. Principles of physics behind radiation protection methods will be addressed in the document. Commonly used PPE in radiographic departments will be explained with their appropriate use along with personnel dosimetry. Local rules aiding radiation protection and defining PPE use will be also addressed in the document. Radiation protection methods and appropriate use of PPE will be given in a tabular format explaining where, when and why these protection methods and PPE should be used for those situations. The third section of this work will include a conclusion which will include the reasoning behind the composition of the document. It will also briefly address other important radiation protection issues and methods which are not addressed in the documents and the reasoning behind it. It will demonstrate how the assignment brief has been addressed by the document. The conclusion segment of this assignment will also emphasise as to why understanding of the work produced is important. The main factors aiding the preparation and decisions made for the preparation of the document will also be included in the conclusion. At the end of the work all references used in the preparation of this work will be laid out in the Harvard system of referencing. Radiation Protection and the use of Personal Protective Equipment. Introduction: Being at the leading edge of radiation dose delivery, a radiographer has a unique professional duty towards himself and others around him for a reduction in the hazards caused by ionising radiation (Manning, 2004). Many radiation related fatalities and injuries suffered by radiation pioneers and scientific studies of the 1950s, which implicated low level doses to stochastic effects in radiation workers and patients led to the radiation protection regulations of today (Bushong, 2003). Radiation hazards When humans are irradiated, atomic interactions results in ionisation, this can lead to chemical and biological changes which are damaging to the cells and chromosomes. This radiation induced changes can lead to two distinct types of injuries at cellular level. Deterministic effects: Above a certain threshold dose, effects show up and the severity of the effects increase with dose Stochastic effects: Probability of occurrence of effects increases with increase in dose. The effects include cancer induction and hereditary effects in future generations (Martin and Harbison, 2006). These late stochastic effects, has led to the radiation protection regulations of today (Bushong 2003). What is Radiation protection and why do it In light of the hazards that could be caused by radiation, protection from unnecessary radiation gains paramount importance. All radiation workers and patients should be protected against these hazards by various methods and equipment, this process is called radiation protection. A system of linear non threshold (LNT) model for radiation protection is applied to all radiation practices (Martin 2004). There is also increasing opinion in favour of radiation hormesis(Carver 2006), but since there is no absolute evidence to suggest a lower threshold below which no damage occurs the LNT model as required by current legislations is considered appropriate to estimate risks at low doses(Matthews and Brennan 2008) The patient should only be exposed if the clinical evidence suggests that the patient is likely to benefit from the procedures. The law requires the doses to be kept to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP), so the requirement of radiation protection is laid out by various legislations (Graham et al.,2007). The regulations relevant to radiographic work and the use of PPE in United Kingdom (UK) Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999(IRR 1999) Ionising Radiations (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2000 (IR(ME)R) Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases, and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995(RIDDOR 1995) Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) (Messer, 2009) The recommendations of The International Commission for Radiation Protection(ICRP), that radiation exposure to radiation workers and the patient should be As Low As Reasonably Achievable(ALARA) is generally accepted(Engel-Hills,2006), The recommendations of ICRP and the European union(EU) euratom directives have all had a significant impact on British law (Whitley et al., 2005) Principles of Radiation Protection IR(ME)R requires all medical exposures in diagnostic radiology to apply the radiation protection principles of justification, optimisation and dose limitation. (Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine(IPEM), 2002). These principles ensure patient dose is kept to the ALARP principle. The cardinal principles of radiation protection will be further discussed. Minimising Time: As the dose is directly proportional to duration of exposure, minimising the time of exposure results in reduced dose. Minimising the time spent near a radiation source also reduces exposure. This protection method finds its use in fluoroscopy. Other methods used in fluoroscopy, using this protection method to reduce exposure is pulsed progressive fluoroscopy and the regular interval reset timers (Bushong, 2001). Maximising Distance: The cheapest form of radiation protection is afforded by the inverse square law, which states that the radiation intensity varies to the inverse of the square of the distance (Farr and Allisy-Roberts 1997). This law holds true for the primary beam which is considered a point source of radiation. While using mobile x-ray units a radiographer can avail this principle of physics to get maximum protection by standing as far away from the source as possible with the aid of the long cable which should be at least 2metre from the x-ray tube during exposure (Bushong 2001). Dowd (1991) considers distance to be the simplest and most effective of radiation protection measures. Maximising Shielding: Maximising shielding between the radiation source and exposed personnel reduces radiation exposure considerably. The effectiveness of the shielding material is estimated in terms of its half-value layer(HVL), which is the amount of material needed to reduce radiation exposure in to half, and tenth-value layers(TVLs); which is the amount of material needed to reduce exposure to one tenth of its original amount. The preferred material for shielding is lead (Pb). The physics behind the usage of lead for protection is its high atomic number (82). This high atomic number ensures that a majority of scatter photons gets absorbed due to its high attenuation. PPE used in radiography departments: Lead Aprons: They are made from powdered lead incorporated in a binder of rubber or vinyl. They come in various lead equivalencies. If used as a secondary barrier to absorb scattered radiation an apron with lead equivalency of at least 0.25mm should be used. Lead aprons shall be at least 0.5mm of lead equivalent for fluoroscopy but can be higher to the range of 1mm of lead equivalence. The downside of greater lead equivalent aprons is the greater weight. Now manufacturers make aprons with composite materials-a combination of lead, barium and tungsten. They have reduced weight and provide better attenuation of radiation. Lead Gloves: They provide at least 0.25mm or more of lead equivalent protection. Used mainly in fluoroscopy or by people holding patients during examination. Thyroid Shields: Mainly for use while performing fluoroscopy, these offers protection to thyroid. Mobile Shields: These could be moved around and are sometimes used in angiography. Protective Eyewear: Protective glasses are used mainly in fluoroscopy to protect against the cataractogenic effect of radiation(Dowd and Tilson 1999). The concept used for radiation-protection practices is the effective dose(E). Effective dose considers the relative radio sensitivity of various tissues and organs. Effective Dose(E) =Radiation weighting factor(Wr) x Tissue weighting factor(Wt) x Absorbed dose (Bushong, 2001) Personnel Dosimetry: All classified radiation workers are routinely monitored for radiation exposures using personnel monitors. Though they do not provide any radiation protection on their own, they offer the quantity of radiation to which the person using the monitor was exposed. The commonly used dosimeters in diagnostic radiology are film badges, Thermoluminescent dosimeters(TLD) and the pocket dosimeter (Thompson et al.,1994). Local Rules which will include working procedures and protocols for the department should be always followed for the appropriate use of PPE Protective Methods/PPE usedng 2001,Bushong 2003) Conclusion: Writing an assignment about the appropriate use of PPE for radiation protection, the need to highlight radiation hazards was considered important and so the assignment started with a brief outlook of radiation hazards and subsequently radiation protection concept was discussed with emphasis on why staff and patients must be protected. The LNT dose response model for radiation protection and new concept favouring lower doses such as radiation hormesis was briefly addressed. The justification for using the LNT model for radiation protection was also emphasised. The legal requirement for radiation protection of patients and staff was discussed and legislations relevant to radiographic work in UK and other organisations influencing British law on radiation safety was discussed. Recommendations of ICRP, as low as reasonably achievable( ALARA) concept and the IR(ME)R requirements of radiation protection of patient through the principles of justification, optimization and limitation was also addressed. These introductory explanations, was considered important as they were the basis for the subject for radiation protection and highlighted the need for radiation protection in diagnostic imaging departments. Preparing the core of the work was not possible without addressing the cardinal principles of radiation protection, hence they were all discussed briefly, where these protection principles find its application for radiation protection in radiographic departments. Time, Distance, Shielding concepts of radiation protection was discussed. Distance and Shielding concept of radiation protection was discussed in detail as they find their use quite often in imaging departments. Material commonly used for shielding with the principles of physics behind its usage was also addressed. Concepts such as half -value layer(HVL) and tenth value layers (TVLs), used to define the effectiveness of the shielding material was also detailed. Personal protective equipment generally used in imaging departments such as lead rubber aprons, lead rubber gloves, thyroid shield, protective eye wear, mobile shield was discussed. Their appropriate usage in specific areas was also considered. Concept of effective dose was also briefly discussed as this was considered an important concept in radiation dose. Personnel dosimetry was discussed with a brief on the various types of personnel dosimeters used in diagnostic imaging departments, as these dosimeters play an important role in dose regulation and monitoring radiation exposure in staff. Radiation protection methods to reduce patient dose has not been elaborated and special arrangements for pregnant radiographer such as rotating out of high exposure areas such as mobile x-ray and fluoroscopy and wearing a secondary badge under the apron at waist level when involved in such examinations to measure foetal dose(Dowd and Tilson 1994) has not been addressed in the document, so as to keep the assignment within its permissible constraints. With all this being presented, it was decided to summarize the use of PPE and protection methods in various areas of a radiographic department; x-ray room, while using mobile x-ray equipment in wards and theatres, Fluoroscopy which is a major contributor of staff dose(Bushong 2001) and CT was considered. It was decided to project these points in a tabular format within the document for simplicity and to meet the assignment brief within the imposed limitations. It also demonstrates the appropriate usage of PPE and radiation protection methods. Adequate shielding in diagnostic imaging departments both primary and secondary shielding as required by legislations, means that a radiographer is sufficiently protected from the scatter, as long as they position themselves behind the protective barrier during exposure. This point is stressed within the tabular column in the document as this is considered an important radiation protection practice. X-ray tube incorporates lead shielding to attenuate the radiation travelling in any other direction other than the useful beam. The housing of the tube have a lead equivalent of typically 2.5mm (Farr and Allisy-Roberts 1997). This greatly reduces scatter or leaked radiation exposure to staff and patient. These and other protection measures incorporated with in modern x-ray machines such as collimation, beam alignment, filtration and other manual protective measures to reduce patient dose-including specific area shielding, such as contact shields and shadow shields which provide gonadal pr otection to patients have not been discussed in the document due to the scope and constraints of the assignment. All radiation protection methods employed to reduce patient dose bring down staff exposure as well, so good radiographic practice helps achieve reduced dose to both patient and staff (Graham et al., 2007) Local rules as required by IRR 1999, to be a part of all departments which involves working with ionising radiation has been addressed in the document briefly, but they are an important resource towards radiation protection as these rules include written systems of work, including protocols and procedures for the imaging department. Details of contingency plans and the names of Radiation protection advisers(RPA) and Radiation Protection Supervisors(RPS) are contained within the rules(Graham et al.,2007) Principles of physics, pertaining to the use of lead in the preparation of shielding materials have been discussed in the assignment. Reading the document will inform the reader about the appropriate use of PPE, as to where, when and why to use these PPE. It also informs the reader the various legislations associated with radiation protection and the use of PPE in UK. It also highlights the hazards caused by ionising radiation and the need for radiation protection. Hence the assignment brief has been addressed. Radiation protection is an important subject to be considered in the diagnostic radiography department (Moores, 2006) and hence a clear understanding of radiation protection issues is important. Ionizing radiation can cause real damage to current and future generations if not dealt with carefully, hence understanding radiation protection and the correct usage of PPE in aiding radiation protection through this work is considered important. Together with a wide range of resources, the valuable experience gained during the clinical placement in a radiography department, observing the safety practices and usage of PPE in the imaging departments and critical self evaluation of methods and practices using the aid of published works has helped me arrive at the key decisions which are addressed in the document. 1

measuring brain activity :: essays research papers

Measuring Brain Activity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most of the noninvasive imaging methods estimate brain activity by changes in blood flow, oxygen consumption, glucose utilization, etc. Discuss the potential problems with using this type of indirect measure. The brain is the control center of the human body. It sends and receives millions of signals every second, day and night, in the form of hormones, nerve impulses, and chemical messengers. This exchange of information makes us move, eat, sleep, and think. Obstructions such as tumors can interrupt normal brain activity, leading to deficits of normal reasoning, motor control, or consciousness. Many of the signs of neural damage are easily recognizable by an outside observer, but since the actual cause of these problems are internal, the symptoms can be vague. The real deficits can affect the brain’s anatomy, or the way signals are processed. A physician can only determine the real cause by examining the brain internally to find irregularities, either in structure or in functioning. Since the brain is extremely fragile and difficult to access without risking further damage, imaging techniques are used frequently as a noninvasive method of visualizing the brain’s structure and activity. Today's technology provides many useful tools for studying the brain. But even with our highest technology out there we do not know everything definitely. We do have fallbacks at times and these fallbacks can lead to serious problems. The recent advances in non-invasive brain imaging, increased computational power, and advances in signal processing methods have heightened the research in this area. As we make progress in interpreting noninvasive brain signals in time we will begin to explore applications that go beyond treatment. But for now these noninvasive methods of estimating brain activity is still something to be cautious about since it only measures the brain’s blood, oxygen consumption, glucose utilization, and more. These measurements may not be accurate enough to figure out one person’s problem. The problem again might be internal and measuring only the obvious would not aid in figuring it all out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other problems with using these noninvasive imaging methods of only few changes of variables in the brain’s activity are that maybe the problem does not reside in the blood, oxygen intake, or glucose utilization. It may be in other factors that we do not observe that is causing the trouble. By being limited to these estimations of brain activity does not really make our effort of correcting the problem that successful.

Logic and perception to knowledge Essay

Knowledge is a theoretical or practical understanding of information, in a particular subject. In order to obtain this understanding; one may use the various processes. Perception and logic are both tools for acquiring knowledge. Without the invaluable tools of logic and perception, in many cases, the conclusions, understandings, interpretations and lessons gained through knowledge may be unattainable. Perception is defined as a mental consciousness, a way of intuitive understanding, regarding, or interpreting knowledge. Perception is broken down into two methods, subjective and objective. From this, we can see the value of perception as it creates a connection from information to knowledge. Humans use perception to interpret knowledge from one’s individual perspective using emotion, and opinion. Perception is crucial for determining an individual’s knowledge of the subject at hand. Perception allows for various interpretations of a piece of information as each individual has different insights on a single subject. This is valuable in the world of obtaining knowledge as it creates contradictions between individual’s perceptions which leads to further exploration within a subject and thus bringing out all perceivable conclusions from the subject. For example, in the world of business, people meet and discuss a topic and draw conclusions as each party perceives the idea at hand. This is essential for proving knowledge and portraying the concept to others and thus exploiting the importance and value of perception to knowledge. Logic is defined a way of thinking or explaining something and enables one to take information and employ it as useful knowledge. From the definition itself, we can see the link from logic to knowledge as it has great value in understanding information. Logical thought is broken down into two methods; induction and deduction. The base of deductive logic is comprised of part A, B, and C. Fundamentally; all information processed trough deductive logic goes through this process. If A and B are true, then C must be true. For example, if two pieces of information are presented, A: All people are mortal, and B: I am a human, and this is processed through logical deduction, one can determine that C: I am mortal. This process is employed through more complex information; however it is extremely important and valuable in creating knowledge from information. The other form of logic is induction. Induction is comprised of simple methodology, but it often creates a degree of uncertainty. New knowledge through induction is created by taking past events and occurrences and creating new knowledge. For example if every time I walk through Middle Inglis, no body is ever there, I can, using inductive logic deduce that no one lives there. I have taken past occurrences and processed them through logic and determined new information. Logically, I have determined that in order to create or realize new knowledge using facts and information, one must employ the various tools to do so. As, new knowledge is constantly desired, the value and use of perception and logic is ubiquitous.

The Viking raids consequences essays

The Viking raids consequences essays The Vikings were often described as dire portents and the Viking raids as immense whirlwinds ... flashes of lighting...and fiery dragons...flying in the air. The Viking raids had begun. The earliest raids were carried out by Norwegians. Their immediate consequences were beyond dispute: material loss, humiliation for men and women (rape figures as well as murder). Regarding the linguistic consequences, the Scandinavian influx left its mark on English place-names. Common Scandinavian place-names elements are by village, homestead as in Grimsby Grims village; thorp secondary settlement, outlying farmstead, as in Grimsthorpe; toft building site, plot of land, as in Langtoft; and thwaite woodland clearing, meadow, as in Micklethwaite large clearing. However, Scandinavian influence on English went a good deal farther than place-names. When the Vikings had begun to settle in England, a number of words were borrowed relating to law and administration, for the Danes had a highly developed legal sense; they include thrall, and the word law itself. But the most remarkable feature of the Scandinavian loan-words is that they are such ordinary words, words belonging to the central core of the vocabulary (the names of close family relations, for example). Thus the word sister is Scandinavian. So are the names of parts of the body, yet the words leg and neck are Scandinavian. Other common nouns include bag, cake, dirt, fellow, fog, knife, skill, skin, sky and window. Everyday adjectives include flat, loose, low, odd, ugly and wrong, and among everyday verbs are call, drag, get, give, raise, smile, take and want. Moreover, some grammatical words are from Scandinavian, namely the conjunctions though, till, and until, and the pronouns they, them, and their. The Scandinavian pronouns no dou ...

John b watson essays

John b watson essays John B. Watson was born in 1878 near Greenville, South Carolina. He died in 1958. Watson was born into the poverty of South Carolina. At the age of sixteen, Watson entered Furman University. There he studied the basic introduction to psychology. He then graduated with an M.A. degree. He spent a year as principle in a small private school, then he was excepted into the University of Chicago in 1900. At the University of Chicago he studied "Functionalism". He worked in experimental psychology and he spent some Sundays in the laboratory watching the behavior of rats and monkeys. His theory was that animal behavior is controlled, this is also known as "behaviorism". "Watson belived that careful, structured parenting could prevent most psychological problems". (Psychology and You, 10). Watson says that "we are what we learn to be". (Psychology and You, 10). "Frustrated" by the methods that most parents used to rise their children, he wrote a book on child rearing. "The goal of his book was to teach parents how to apply scientific learning in bringing up their children". (Watson,1928). He also says that we are afraid of things because we have had a bad expierience with it. I disagree with Watsons theory of "behaviorism" because if everything he said was true then everyone should get along. Also because what he is saying is that we are being controlled by someone else. We do not and can not have our own opinion. We start to develope our own style and taste at an early age. We also start to become more independent. If everything that Watson believed about his theory of "only the strong surrvive" was true, than if you could not cook or do your own laundry, you would be considered weak and therefor you would not surrvive. Some behaviors we have are learned but not all. For example if you keep repeating a word infront of a baby, eventually the baby will ...

Global Success of Gores Culture Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 122

Global Success of Gores Culture - Case Study Example The approach ensures efficiency and uniqueness in its products; hence, acting as a competitive strategy. Â  Gore has modified its core values to suit its different operations. It has made sure that the codes are employee friendly so that they can act as motivators. For example, one of the company’s core objectives is to ‘Make money and have fun’ (Hill and Jones 2013). The objective describes a culture that employees will have fun while conducting their money-making operation, leading to the success of the firm. Â  The Gore culture has four guiding principles that include commitment, freedom, waterline, and fairness. An employee should make and keep guiding commitments that will guide them in their operations. The ‘waterline ensures that employees consult other associated before making decisions that they are not a 100% sure may be rational. Freedom and fairness ensure that employees share, encourage, and assist each other in gaining more knowledge about their activities. Â  The culture also stipulates that current global competitions require firms to enhance the degree of coordination among employees in the development and production sectors (Hill and Jones 2013). Collaborative leadership and cutting-edge technology are also used as competition strategies. Firms should also adopt innovative human resources practices to ensure employee satisfaction.

Team builders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team builders - Essay Example Synergy (2001) reports, â€Å"If one studies highly effective groups, one finds that the most successful groups over the long haul tend to address both the technical needs and human needs. These groups are at the same time competent in the work they perform and highly functional in their interpersonal relationships†¦factors that emerge about successful teams (are) camaraderie, fellowship, and loyalty.† Team builders provide motivation in the health care setting. Motivation is extremely important n all areas of life especially the workplace. Without motivation there is no desire or drive to do anything. â€Å"Needs† such as sustenance, safety, security, belonging, recognition, and a sense of growth and achievement are motivators, or drivers, which leads us to behave and act in a certain way. (Synergy, 2001.) Motivation is particularly important in the health care setting because health care providers and staff are caring for those who are facing with health problems and issues. Having health-related problems causes one to be fearful, stressed, overwhelmed, and discouraged. Health issues not only affect a person’s (and their loved ones) physical, mental, and spiritual status but also their finances, daily responsibilities and schedules, etc. Working in the health care industry can be discouraging and a negative setting for all. Employers must see that their staff members work as a team (synergy) in order to stay motivated as their level of motivation, teamwork, quality of work affects the motivation and physical, mental, and spiritual levels of their patients in the setting. Many health care providers and settings provide motivation via a professional working environment, music therapy, counseling, mentors, etc. Those who enter the health care industry usually do so in order to help others. People who do so usually are motivated by their desire to make a difference in the